Ralf Ellisons The Invisible Man Essay - 1927 Words

At the time the Invisible Man was published segregation was in full force in many parts of America, making certain scenes of the novel obscene and outlandish (Holland 34). To his peers Ellison was a thinker as well as writer he had the capability of repairing automobiles and electronic devices; â€Å"He had a particular passion for high quality audio equipment, and found a hobby in building and customizing stereo systems.† (LitCharts 3) After writing the Invisible Man Ellison found it to be an arduous task to replicate the success of the Invisible Man, â€Å"Which immediately was considered a classic†(Brennan). Ellison made it is life mission to write a successful second novel, but he could not compete with the success of the Invisible Man. â€Å"When I†¦show more content†¦There are similarities found between the protagonist in Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn and the protagonist in the Invisible Man â€Å"Ellison attributes the influence of the novel t o Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn† (LitCharts 4). Ellison wrote the novel shortly after America’s victory in World War II. The postwar era is traditionally a boom time in American history, â€Å"[where] many men [were] disillusioned by the experience of the war, which is reflected by the novel’s mental patients† (LitCharts 4). Furthermore, the late 1940’s and early 1950’s was the time of extensive discrimination against African Americans’ in the deep south. In Invisible Man, race is a constant and perpetual factor. The narrator often encounters the idea of race and racism through the perspicacity of others. â€Å"For instance his experiences in the battle royal to his realization of his token role in the Brotherhood† (LitCharts). However, the novel scrutinizes â€Å"whether race might be an authentic marker of individual identity, outside the context of racism† (LitCharts 4). IM swiftly understands that his bla ckness is highly meaningful, but cannot efficiently interpret what it should mean to him. Ellison does not offer the reader any solution to the complicated legacies of race. Although IM begins to become a recluse towards the end of the novel, he still boldly states, â€Å"I could not be still even in hibernations. â€Å"Because, damn it, there’s the

Analysis Of Rip Van Winkle - 1055 Words

Washington Irving, â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† (29) Within Washington Irvings story â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†, Irving depicts an early British colonist by the name of Rip. Rip although the descendant of the chivalrous Van Winkles, does not like to perform arduous tasks. Irving illustrates this within the text stating, â€Å" Rip Van Winkle, however, was one of those happy mortals, of foolish, well- being oiled dispositions, who take the world easy, eat white bread or brown, which ever can be got with the least thought or trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than work for a pound.† ( Irving 32) This highlights the indifferent attitude Rip has when it comes to results in life as well as his desire to avoid work. Rip is somewhat odd in this respect†¦show more content†¦The overall themes of the story can be interpreted as old habits die hard, or time flies when you are having fun. The notes of D.K. draw a conclusion of his belief in such an event in happening, this reveals the idealistic outlook of folktales. Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† (654) The story of â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe reveals the terrors that can derive from fear. The story starts with the description by the narrator of his friends Roderick Usher’s house, the text reads, â€Å"During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it was --but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit.† (Poe 654) The story later goes onto explain how Roderick and his twin sister, Madeline are the last of the Usher bloodline and both suffer from serious illnesses. Madeline although, suffers from a more serious illness catalepsy resulting in various seizures. Upon one of her seizures Roderick declares Madeline as dead and asks the narrator to help bury her. A week goes past and the narrator and Roderick are readingShow MoreRelatedRip Van Winkle Analysis732 Words   |  3 PagesRip van Winkle by Washington Irving is a story about a man, and a bizarre adventure through time to the near future during the American Revolution. The story follows a Dutch-American settler living in the New York Catskills before the American Revolt. Within the village, the man is well-known as a remarkable member of the society, as that plays into the genre. The story takes an unexpected turn when the main character, Rip Van Winkle, is fast-travelled through time, to an era soon after the AmericanRead MoreTradition and Revolution in Rip Van Winkle: An Analysis1643 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Tradition and Revolution in Rip Van Winkle Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle is a tale that he wrote after an old traditional European story. Irving situates it in America before and after the Revolutionary War and describes Rip as a man whose only desire in life is to get away from petticoat tyranny meaning his wife. However, Rip may also be seen as a traditional figure of simplicity who is just as content to be a subject of the king as he is to be a subject of the PresidentRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Rip Van Winkle939 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Rip Van Winkle† is a classic American Mythological story that tells the tale of a man who sleeps for twenty years after drinking a mysterious drink. Rip Van Winkle is a very lazy, American man who one day, ventures off into the woods with his dog named Wolf. While in the woods, he finds a group of men playing Skittles and drinking liquor in the middle of an amphitheater. He joins them, and drinks some of their alcohol, but he soon passes out. When he awakens, twenty years h ave passed, and he missedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Rip Van Winkle 1868 Words   |  8 Pages For the latter part of the last two centuries, generations of people around the world have read or heard of the tale of the man who slept for two decades known as â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†. This short story was originally published in a book called â€Å"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.† by American author Washington Irving under the pseudonym â€Å"Geoffrey Crayon. Irving used effective writing to show the reader every detail needed to understand where and what is going on especially during the transitioningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Rip Van Winkle 940 Words   |  4 Pages Rip Van Winkle is a confusing national identity story written in the 1819(IRVING 467). It’s a time in history when America was developing and changing as a nation. The twist of the story makes the dialogue kind of confusing but it all makes sense at the end. It’s very interes ting how the story takes place. In the beginning of the story Washington Irving describes the nature in a quote by stating, â€Å"Whoever has a voyage up the Hudson, must remember the Catskill Mountains. They are a dismembered branchRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Rip Van Winkle 1527 Words   |  7 Pagesexperience. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† is a mature version of Franklin’s short fictional sketches, such as â€Å"The Speech of Polly Baker,† and if one were to read isolated passages from Irving and Franklin aloud, it could be difficult to identify the source, as both develop a muted sarcasm and rely heavily on irony to develop their narratives. Perhaps more surprising, however, is the fact that Irving is most indebted to the older tradition of Native American literature that he references in the postscript to â€Å"Rip VanRead MoreAnalysis Of Erving s Rip Van Winkle And Mason953 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper, I will be explaining Washington â€Å"Erving’s Rip Van Winkle† and Mason Locke Weems’s â€Å"Life of Washington† cultural, social, and historical context. In the â€Å"Life of Washington†, Weems shows how George Washington was raised and how he acted as a child. However, in â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†, Irving tells a story of a man who slept through the Revolutionary War and wakes to find a new country. These stories show the problem of how the United States of America was seen in the eyes of foreignRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Rip Van Winkle And Young Goodman Brown 1197 Words   |  5 Pages In Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the wilderness is used as a place for the main characters of both stories to have profound supernatural, spiritual experiences. Washington Irving uses the wilderness and nature to add a great sense of romanticism to his writing by creating a peaceful, mystical world. In Rip Van Winkle, Iriving implies that nature’s possessive beauty offers a great escape from the conventions of everyday life and can allow oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Rip Van Winkle And The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow By Washington Irving1380 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieved in the purity and beauty of nature.[Thesis] Romanticism is a time period that many authors began to emerge in. These authors wrote about their strong feelings, and that nature is more important than city life. [Previ ew] In the pieces â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† by Washington Irving, â€Å"Thanatopsis† by William Cullen Bryant, and â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† by Washington Irving all show strong relations to the traits of Romantic writing. These characteristics include strong imagination, strong feelingsRead More Confusion and Personal Identity in Rip Van Winkle Essay985 Words   |  4 Pages   Rip Van Winkle tells the story of a man who, on a trek into the Kaatskill mountains, mysteriously sleeps away twenty years of his life during the Revolutionary War. When he returns home, he finds that things have dramatically changed; King George no longer has control over the colonies, and many of his friends have either died or left town. At this point, the story reaches its climax, where Van Winkle realizes that his life may be forever changed. To this point, Rip Van Winkle has had

Media Ethics and behavior Free Essays

With the most resent massacre at Virginia Tech the issue of media ethics has once again been brought into question.   This, I believe, is because of the need to understanding why or how this could happen.   Perhaps this understanding could prevent another violent incident from happening to our children and to our society and allow a certain type of closure in our grief. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Ethics and behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now In researching the topic of journalistic ethics and its effects on behavior, I found three distinct concerns that related to the Virginia Tech massacre the first; does the media influence or encourage behavior? And if so, what steps is the media taking to understand this issue?   Is the media industry trying to create a plan to regulate how incidents of this nature are portrayed, or how they will be reported and in what context?   The second is on the issue of gun control; are United States laws on gun ownership not strict enough?   Do we need to get tougher?   Should we create more laws? And third is American society failing when dealing with mental health issues?   Is there enough studies being done or funding for mental health issues?   It should also be noted that in all the information on violent behavior everyone agrees that there is not one single indicator that will predict human behavior and that all avenues must be explored to fully understand human behavior which is very complex. In the United States children and young adults are among the highest at risk for experiencing violent crimes and violence.   We can also claim that a large portion of our time is spent interacting in the world of media.   Some forms of media used by American adolescents have been found to be very violent and this is where the question of media’s effect on behavior comes in.   Shortly after the Virginia Tech incident a USA Today article told of a popular game called â€Å"Assassin†. This game is played on both college and high school campuses across America.   Police officers have been urging students, â€Å"to halt the games, which involve ambushing other players with sometimes realistic looking toy gun or other objects, after the Virginia Tech shooting last week that left 33 people dead†.   The local authorities did this as a preventive measurement for the safety of the kids playing as well as others by mistaken intent (Welch). Serious crime by adolescents rose greatly in the late 1980s, and peaked in 1994. Since then juvenile crime has declined even faster than overall crime, and violent offenses by juveniles have fallen back to 1980s levels. In 2000, juveniles accounted for 17 percent of all violent crime arrests and 32 percent of all property crime arrests.   According to federal statistics juveniles account for only 9 percent of those arrested for murder, but make up one-quarter of all robbery arrests and 53 percent of all arson arrests. Since the number of Americans under the age of 18 is projected to increase, some juvenile justice experts argue the juvenile crime rate may increase as well (Public Agenda.org). But regardless of how the media reports on school killings, society needs to develop better ways of helping their children when viewing or in some cases experiencing violence.   Teaching individuals at a young age that violence in any form is not tolerated and work at understanding why young individuals see violence as a method for solving problems. The Society of Professional Journalists and the Associated Student Press joined together to discuss how school violence is to be covered.   The discussion was to try to see how to balance reporting the news with minimizing harm to students across the country.   If shooters get their â€Å"fifteen minutes of fame†, especially is they are dubbed as the heroic outlaw, then this opens the possible problems of increasingly more disenfranchised â€Å"nobodies† who may view violence as a way to become noticed. Reporters pressured to get the story and make it central on the nightly news may not be sensitive to the effects of their coverage in the larger scheme of things (Fitzgerald and Mitchell).   Members of the Society of Professional Journalists believe that public enlightenment is the important to justice and the foundation of democracy. The organization also believes that the duty of the journalist is to further those ends by seeking truth and providing a fair and comprehensive account of events and issues. They believe that all journalists from all media and specialties strive to serve the public with thoroughness and honesty. They go on to say that professional integrity is the cornerstone of a journalist’s credibility. Members of the Society share a dedication to ethical behavior and adopt this code to declare the Society’s principles and standards of practice (www.spj.org). This organization, Society for Professional Journalism, believes that ethical journalists treat sources, subjects and colleagues as human beings deserving of respect. Journalists should show compassion for those who may be affected adversely by news coverage. Use special sensitivity when dealing with children and inexperienced sources or subjects.   They must be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photographs of those affected by tragedy and recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause harm or discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance. Recognize that private people have a greater right to control information about themselves than do public officials and others who seek power, influence or attention. Only an overriding public need can justify intrusion into anyone’s privacy. Journalist must show good taste, avoid pandering to lurid curiosity, be cautious about identifying juvenile suspects or victims of sex crimes, be judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal filing of charges and balance a criminal suspect’s fair trial rights with the public’s right to be informed. Journalists should also â€Å"avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived, remain free of associations and activities that may compromise integrity or damage credibility, refuse gifts, favors, fees, free travel and special treatment, and shun secondary employment, political involvement, public office and service in community organizations if they compromise journalistic integrity.   Journalist should disclose unavoidable conflicts, be vigilant and courageous about holding those with power accountable, deny favored treatment to advertisers and special interests and resist their pressure to influence news coverage and be wary of sources offering information for favors or money; avoid bidding for news† (www.spj.org). The meeting produced many ideals to help reporters and the public when dealing with violence and kids. As juvenile crime increased in the 1990s, nearly every state passed laws making it easier to prosecute juveniles in adult courts for serious offenses. Supporters say many juveniles are hardened criminals despite their youth, and maybe it’s not appropriate to handle serious crimes like murder and rape in the juvenile justice system. Critics say juveniles tried as adults will not get any of the counseling and rehabilitation services that might prevent them from committing more crimes. In surveys, most Americans endorse trying some juveniles as adults, but they also believe rehabilitation programs can be effective. Student journalists hope to educate the professionals about how to deal with people their age and how to be more aware of their concerns.   In turn, the professionals can guide students in how best to cover stories. The theory is that student journalists can get kids to talk without pressuring them or invading their privacy the way many journalists from out of town have done.   Yet working together with the professionals can help them through the process and through the trauma.   It may also be the case that student journalists can get through to other students in ways that adults can’t, because students will more willing to read something about violence written by another student. â€Å"We want to read it from the point of view of someone who knows what we’re experiencing,† said one student. Professional reporters come in, get the story, and leave, kids at a school where violence has occurred can continue to cover the story in a long-range manner, and with more breadth and depth.   â€Å"Kids know there is more depth,† said Laura Schaub, of the Oklahoma Inter-Scholastic Press Association, â€Å"but they can use professional assistance conceptualizing how to get it into the paper† (www.spj.org). In more resent weeks NBC news has been under fire for the way it handled the pictures and writings of the student who killed 32 people at Virginia Tech.   NBC announced that it would limit its use of images to â€Å"no more than 10 percent of airtime†.   Steve Capus, the president of NBC News, strongly defended the network’s decision to broadcast the material.   Families of some of the victims, some law enforcement officials and executives from competing television news organizations have accused NBC of being insensitive or exploitative in the way it presented the materials on the air. (Carter). In a study from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control I found that there were 173 incidents between July 1, 1994 and June 30, 1998. The majorities of these incidents were homicides involving the use of firearms. The total number of incidents did decrease steadily since the 1992-1993 school year. But the total number of multiple victim events appears to have increased. During August 1995 through June 1998, there were an average of five multiple victims events per year. This is compared to an average of one multiple victim event per year in the three years from August 1992 through July 1995. While the total number of events of school associated violent deaths have decreased, the total number of multiple-victim events appears to have increased (2007). In a study by the Center for Disease Control named Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is a school-based survey designed to produce a nationally representative sample of risk behaviors among students in grades 9-12. This study was completed in 1997 and reported that 18.3% of high school students carried a weapons weather it was a gun, knife, or club during the 30 days preceding the survey, down from 26.1% in 1991. The survey also found that 5.9% of high school students carried a gun during the 30 days preceding the survey, 8.5% of high school students carried a weapon on school property during the 30 days preceding the survey and that 7.4% of high school students were threatened or injured with a weapon on school property during the 12 months preceding the survey. Nationwide, 4% of students had missed 1 or more days of school during the 30 days preceding the survey because they had felt unsafe at school or when traveling to or from school. The prevalence of weapon carrying on school property on 1 or more of the 30 days preceding the survey was 8.5% nationwide. Overall, male students (12.5%) were significantly more likely than female students (3.7%) to have carried a weapon on school property (www.cdc.gov). Research has demonstrated that exposure to both real life and media violence is associated with increased hostility and aggressive behavior and decreased empathy. However, not all adolescents will be affected by violence exposure in the same way. Those who are exposed to personal and community violence, or who have a predisposition to aggressive behavior, may be more at risk for the negative effects of violence exposure. The study explored the effects of real life and media violence exposure on two populations, 216 high school students (109 girls) and 96 adolescents (13 girls) detained in a juvenile detention center. Participants completed seven self-report instruments measuring exposure to real life and media violence, psychopathology, hostile attributions, aggression, empathy, and social desirability. Due to the differences in the samples, results were analyzed separately (Greene). Consistent with the hypotheses and the General Aggression Model, real life and media violence exposure was significantly associated with and significantly predicted increased aggression, increased hostile attributions, and decreased empathy for the high school student sample. Additionally, psychopathology was a significant mediating variable for the relationship between real life violence and aggression. For the detained adolescents, exposure to real life violence was positively associated with aggression and psychopathology, but was not significantly associated with hostile attributions or empathy. Media violence was not associated with aggression, hostile attributions, or empathy. But these results were not consistent with the hypotheses and may reflect desensitization processes or differences in aggressive practices among this high risk sample. Results of this study suggest the need for further work in the areas of prevention and interventions for violence-exposed adolescents in order to reduce negative outcomes. Additionally, future research may wish to focus more attention on high risk individuals to better understand the process through which these adolescents react to violence exposure (Anderson, Berkowitz, Donnerstein, Huesmann, Johnson, Linz, Malamouth and Wartella). Gun control is also part of this discussion.   This was the first topic brought out when the incident at Virginia Tech. was first reported.   The world news made this the center for attention.   Media placed blame for the cause in America on the topic of gun control and placed media’s involvement on the back burner.   New York mayor, Michael Bloomber stated to Newsweek, â€Å"the conversation about guns needs to move beyond the extremes of Second Amendment purity and liberal utopianism. Much of the rest of the world manages to control gun violence better than we do; this is one case where American exceptionalism is nothing to be proud of† (May 4, 2007).   But we shouldn’t forget that blame first should be put on the young man who actually did the killings and secondary blame can then be divided up equally between all other factors involved. General Public in America believes that for the most part other preventive measures are better than owning or carrying a gun.   On the web site Public agenda they conducted a survey on the general population and found that only about 21% believe that guns are useful in preventing crimes.   Most Americans say that tougher laws and punishment would be a better deterrent for crime.   They also found that a majority of Americans feel that school violence is not a serious problem in their schools and in general they feel safe.   They all admit that their community could still be susceptible to an incident like at Virginia Tech. (www.publicagenda.org). Another point the media and the public brought out was the responsibility of helping individuals with possible mental health issues that might have caused someone like Cho Seung-Hui, the killer from Virginia Tech., to behave or react as he did.   In an article in Newsweek dated April 30th, 2007 they looked into the failure of the system and the general population as to seeing the signs, â€Å"Cho had apparently dropped through the cracks of the university bureaucracy. Earlier run-ins weren’t in his records† (31). We need to encourage students who hear one of their friends make a threat to take it seriously, even if they don’t believe that person would ever really so it. Look at the problem of bullying by peers in schools is another even though it may never be stopped, but listening to kids that are experiencing the bullying along with the kids bullying might help.   In doing this research I found that media isn’t the only factor in possibly making what has been happening in America worse. But to me it is clear there was an influence.   In an article written by Evan Thomas he did write about Cho Seung-Hui’s video and said he, â€Å"pays homage to â€Å"Eric and Dylan† the two videogame-addled teenagers who killed 13 students at Columbine High School in 1999† (24).   In my opinion this does show a connection between violence and the media.   The Media industry really should acknowledge this fact instead of avoiding or defending their style of reporting.   Conscious efforts and discussion is vital in order to stop a growing trend in America when it comes to crime and violence. Works Cited Anderson, Craig A., Berkowitz, Leonard., Dommerstien, Edward., Huesmann, L.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rowell., Johnson, James D., Linz, Danniel., Malamouth, Neil M., and Wartella,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ellen.   â€Å"The Influence of Media Violence on Youth†.   Psychological Science in   Ã‚  Ã‚   the Public Interest.   December 2003. V. 4. Issue 3.   p. 81-118. 30p. Center for Disease Control.   http://www.cdc.gov Fitzgerald, Mark, and Mitchell, Grey., Eds.   Society of Professional Journalists.   Retrieved May 3, 2007.   http://www.spj.org/pressnotes Greene, Kathern. â€Å"Predicting Exposure to and Linking of Media Violence: A uses and    Gratification Approach†.   Communication Studies, March 2005.   V. 56, Issue 1,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   p.71-93. 23p. Meacham, J. â€Å"The Editor’s Desk†.   Newsweek.   April 30, 2007.   p.4,4 National Center for Injury Prevention of Enterprise Communication Media Relation,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   April 21, 1999. Retrieved May 3, 2007.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/r990421.htm Public Agenda. Retrieved May 2, 2007.   www.publicagenda.org Savage, Joanne. â€Å"Does Viewing Violent Media Really Cause Criminal Violence? A   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Methodological Review†.   Aggression and Violent Behavior.   November 2004. V.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10, Issue 1, p. 99-128. 30p. Thomas, Evan.   â€Å"Making of a Massacre†.   Newsweek.   April 20, 2007.   p. 22-31 Welch, W.   â€Å"Students Urged to Stop Playing â€Å"Assassin† Game†.   USA Today. May 4,    2007.   Section: News. P. 3A    How to cite Media Ethics and behavior, Essay examples

Literature Review Of Guzman Y Gomez Restaurant †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review Of Guzman Y Gomez Restaurant. Answer: Literature review Guzman Y Gomezis a licensed restaurant of Australia. It has specialization in Tex-Mex dishes such as nachos, burritos, and quesadillas and may other special items. It is a business of franchised with more than 65 stores in operation throughout Australia. Along with that it has 3 franchisee in Singapore and 4 in the country of Japan. It is the restaurant which wants to expand its business with new stores around Australia. The first store of this restaurant has opened in Newtown, Sydney in 2006. It wants to expand its business in near future by using franchise model. The taste of the food of this restaurant will enhance the range of customers. The idea about opening franchisee of restaurant will allow them to earn more profits. Guzman Y Gomez has five strong restaurant chains in Sydney involving a new store in the bustling Centre of MLC. It is planning to expand its business nationally as a franchise. It is the business which put lot of efforts to develop its business. in the begin poi nt there were only 15 staff operations in Newtown but now it has more than 100 staff and $4 million annual revenue. It is essential for restaurant to analyze all factors before expanding its business by using franchisee model. Guzman y Gomezneeds to analyze the potential marketers,marketing mix, STP analysis, communication plan, promotional plan and resources. It wants to expand its business because it found that its taste is liken by many customers and it would be benefit for the company to adopt the franchise model because it will support to enhance the growth of the restaurant in particular stream appropriately. Guzman Y Gomez is the fastest growing brand in Australia that serves fresh and delicious Mexican food and delivers rapidly. It is the passion and pride of Guzman Y Gomez to make Mexican food and make customer satisfied about the taste. The menu of this restaurant is to make the real and delicious dishes of Mexican and cut above the competition. It is the belief of this restaurant that there are two kinds of people in the world. One is who prefer fresh guacamole and other one is wrong. It is the concept of this restaurant to deliver the fresh food to the customer because it is the meal only as good as it is made up of. It believes to make the foundation of the business solid without any compromising and to develop its concept it never compromise with its products and services. There are three store of Guzman: strips, food courts and thru, but they have common ting in three stores that is fast delivery. There are so many benefits of expanding the business. The purpose of Guzman restaurant is to enhance the franchisee of this restaurant in so many places. New personnel, broad customer base, relocation possibilities, favorable financial opportunities and considerations are some benefits of expanding the business. Guzman would get opportunity to staff the restaurant with new skilled, qualified and experienced personnel with new range of ideas and views. It would enhance the opportunities of employment along with the growth of the business. These new hired people will be helpful for streamline process and would be able to bring then fresh ideas for the organization. Business expansion offer has a point of advantage to wider their business in to a broader customer. It will enhance the pool of potential customers and bring the possible benefits in the favor of the growth of the restaurant. Effective expansion is able to come in the mind of customers foremost and they get attract towards e xperience the latest changes. Successful business expansion is able to put the business in the positive place when it comes in the situation of acquiring necessary financing. This financing might be the lifeline of the business in the time of expanding process. Effective business expansion will be helpful to enhance the market share and a solid financial position might acquire financing. Along with that the major benefits of expanding business is get the opportunity of relocation possibilities. Relocation will allow business to get the experience of different countries and their political, geographical, technological and legal challenges. These all challenges Guzman has to face wisely because wise business owners consider the benefits of such scenarios if relocation is possible. Increased access to suppliers and logistics suppliers can also be considered as essential element to contemplate relocation. Business expansion is only good when organization is ready to accept the changes and potential challenges otherwise it may cause the issue for the growth of the business. It is important for the Guzman to focus on profitability level while expanding the business in the comparison of growth level. The owner of the business can periodically revi ew the return on investment from an expansion. Guzman wants to expand its business with using the franchise model. It is required for the Guzman to analyze the franchise model positively and negatively and know about the pros and cons before implementing it. Along with that it should consider other model or sub model of franchise model to expand its business widely. It will help organization to take decision appropriately (Lee, Hallak Sardeshmukh, 2016). To expand its business effectively, restaurant should consider the business expansion strategies as well. Business expansion strategy will be helpful to analyze the different factors for the business from local to global. It is a strategy which is adopted by the organization to attain the high level of growth in the comparison of past experienced. It is the plan of Guzman to expand its business with using the franchising model. It should consider the business expanding strategies initially. There is some ways which has to follow by the restaurant to expand its business in effective way. These ways are increasing the sales of products and services in the existing market because it is the risk free initiates to expand its business. As Guzman has specialized in Chinese foods, little changes in the menu will enhance the attraction of the customer towards the business. Business expansion is required to develop the market segment to move into new geography. Guzman should analyze the market trends by researching the market. It can be done via new marketing strategies. A restaurant is able industry to run and expand its business via making supply chain. But for this it must be cognizant of what made the first location a success. Franchisee or license is the elements of fast growing (Maslova, Timyasheva, Nikishin, Tyunik, Nikishin Pankina, 2016). Franchise agreement cost is very high to prepare. It needs to be flexible because it is the factor which can be successful if the owner of the organization are willing for travel and handle the business globally. Join force and strategic alliance are an idea of expansion of business by merging the two companies (Stankovi?, 2017). It has the trick to find the new partners. These partners can be new distributors that should have the expectations of higher profitability. Guzman can expand its business and move global by growing markets, rising customers spending and improve the climate of business environment. To expand its busin ess within the use of franchising model, Guzman need to focus on demand of customer, attain legal and assistance of accounting (Kacker, Dant, Emerson Coughlan, 2016). As it mentioned in the point of rationale that business want to expand its business through franchise model because it is the safest model which is beyond from all potential risks. Franchising has various benefits which is helpful for not only to the seller but also for buyer. It is the benefit of franchisor to use money of others people to expand its business appropriately. The benefits of franchise model include a great chance of success in a sole proprietorship, initiate training and ongoing support, the power of selling of particular brand, use of manufactured business model, lead generation of customers, network of peers and national and regional advertising campaigns to provide moral support through an intranet of company, franchisee associations and annual conference (Sohn, Tang Jang, 2014). Franchise model is seceded particularly with known franchises such as McDonalds, Subway, and Panerra Bread. Every coin has two aspect one is able to show the positive part and another one is able to negative parts. Same with franchise model, it has some downsides as well. Guzman Y Gomezneeds to utilize the positive factors of franchising model instead of seeing negative aspects. Franchisees need to use the colors of the company and approved those colors on their walls. At significant expenses, Guzman Y Gomezcan redesign their units. The franchisee is done with the basis of long term contract which make ensure that the business of this particular brand will be grown effectively. The model of franchising is all about following the systems (Noh, Yun, Jang, Jung Cho, 2014). With the support of franchisee, the restaurant will grow certainly. It is because the franchisee has the confidence about the model of franchisee and purchases it (Boulay, Caemmerer, Evanschitzky Duniach, 2016). Franchisee feels that it would be possible for him to expand its business and grow easily if they follow the system perfectly. It is important for the Guzman to consider regional variations appropriately and suggest some for amendments. Business expansion is essential factor for the purpose of growth and if organization needs to expand its business, it needs to analyze the trend of market and taste of customers by taking reviews from them (Chiou Droge, 2015). A good franchisor know that if they are leaving the system without attaining approval from the first franchisor, theory would be able to violate the agreement if franchise. It may cause them to have their responsibilities by utilizing the name of franchisors and can revoke the business model. There is a various kind of restaurant franchises such as fast food, fast casual and full services. Fast food is also known as quick services restaurants which are not specialized in provide table services. Fast casual is considered as the between medium of full restaurants and fast food restaurants such as caf and takeout restaurants. Full services are franchise restaurants that offer table services and a complete selection of core menu of food and drink options and allow customers to payment after having the dinner or leaving the table (Emerson, Mulley Bliemer, 2016). The model of franchisee will be advantageous for the restaurant because it is the model which can be expanded easily in local and global. There are so many examples of restaurant that has utilized the franchising options of marketing entry and proved that they have chosen most correct option to expand its business globally (Chen Tsai, 2016). These examples are McDonalds, KFC, Pizza hut, Doca bell and Buffallo wild wing which used franchise model. The main question arises that how it works. In a model of franchise, Guzman as a franchisor and franchisee involve in the contractual agreement which is made on the basis of selling the products and services of Guzman. The franchisee of the products of Guzman takes the burden of enhancing the restaurants, staffing, overseeing the daily activity operations and handling the costs for running the restaurant. The franchisor (Guzman restaurant) may own the place of the restaurant and lease it to a franchisee. In such process, franchisee will pay a certain initial fees along with royalties from the sale of restaurant to the franchisor. It is the form of profitability and the Guzman will be able to gain the advantage in the form of royalty. In case if the franchisee leases the destination from the franchisor, in such case franchisee will be liable to pay the rent of an entity as well. It is the condition of the franchising model that franchisor need to report entire incomes in the form of revenue. The margin goes at higher range because of eliminated operational (Carins Rundle-Thiele, 2014). The literature review notes that this model has the benefits which involve the opportunity for the company to grow faster in same industry by expanding its menu globally. It is done because in that case the franchisor provides the capital for building the ready restaurant for operation. It would be the benefit point for the Guzman if the store under forms. Along with that it would be the benefitted point for the franchisor because franchisor will get more time to focus on products and research on operations in an appropriate manner (Gerhardt, Hazen Joiner, 2017). Since the restaurant and its products is owned by the franchisee, who is highly enthusiastic to make the restaurant a success. The other benefits point for the restaurant of Guzman that it would be able to get the instant brand recognition and gain the trust of the customers which usually take many years to build (Caldern Ruiz, 2015). Each line has two ends which show advantage and drawback, same strategy is applying on franchising model. The downside of this model is that company or business has less control over the management. Along with that the business enters into the formal agreement (Das Nair Dube, 2015). It has been analyzed that selling a franchise has the potential risk as well such as if the performance of franchisee is not good and franchisee is unable to perform good at higher level or as per expectation, it may fall the reputation of the company in the view of customers. It decreases the value of products and gives the opportunity to competitor to move ahead. A weaker core community is another disadvantage of franchising model. Innovation challenges can be the core reason of drawback of franchising model because it is not possible every time that franchiser adapt new technology in easiest manner (Slater, Mohr Sengupta, 2014). The outlet of Guzman restaurant will be in other country and it would be difficult for the restaurant to force its franchisor to adapt quickly because a change depends upon the environment. However, there are so many drawbacks of franchising model but Guzman is able to grab the opportunity systematically and appropriately by leaving the disadvantageous point. It has been stated by the Steven Marks founder of Guzman to expand plan which is focused initially on Newtown and then interstate. We plan to open the franchise in our existing hub in Sydney including north and west store. We are planning also to sell our franchises in our existing location. It would be big initiation from our side to expand our business nationally buy sing the franchise model. As we have seen that the great response we achieved from the launching and many inquiries for franchise opportunity. It has been realized by Guzman that so many potentially great owners were out there that was eager about the food of Mexican and its culture. However, it has been decided by the founder of Guzman that franchise of its business open within the first 12 months to just for 12 outlets. The business model of Guzman Y Gomez was purpose to build the current economy Marks said, We have inaugurated niche which is rapid casual revolution that has been accepted in the US, the quality of serving is very fast. Australia has quality food and expensive restaurants. The main aim of this restaurant is to provide the high quality along with affordable food (Coombes Nicholson, 2013). The main aim of this literature review to focus on the Mexican restaurant Guzman Y Gomez that wants to expand its business by adopting franchise model. It is required for the business to analyze the business environment before adopting any model for its business. Restaurant has to research on potential marketers (Dahles Susilowati, 2015). To find the Potential marketers, restaurant needs to analyze the marketing mix which contains four Ps of product, place, promotion and price. STP analysis helps Guzman to analyze the situational, targeting and positioning of the business. It would be helpful to analyze the current condition of the market and make able business to set up the target market. Positioning helps Guzman to establish the image of brand in the eye of the customer. To expand its business, Guzman should be active to find out the resources to develop its business. Without promotional activities, no one can be able to see the changes and growth of the business. It is required f or the business to explore new strategies of promotional activities that enhance the promotion of the restaurant (King King, 2016). The promotion of product and services is most common form of marketing. Promotional activities for Guzman can be done via advertising in news paper, radio, online pages, television and many more. It is the key element of marketing mix. Communication plan is the business plan that describes the strategy of the organization that what it wants to accomplish with the information. It is considered as the important element for daily activities. It is a living document which involves media activities as per internal and external communications. Along with that it is able to clarify the priorities of an organization, staff assignments and target audience (Santos, Pache Birkholz, 2015). It has been identified that franchising model has the lesser risk. It would be able to enhance the business without putting a lot of efforts. There is a choice of business model which reflected the high and low factor of franchised business. it can be seen that education , risk tolerance, family participants, support provided, training provided, proven system, positive view of franchising and investment level are some factors which enhance the interest of franchising. It is required for the business to analyze the environment appropriately before adopting the franchise model. It suggests that franchisees are enthusiasm to make an option and when evaluate in alliance with time taken which is tend to be voluntary (Chiou Droge, 2015). It has been appeared that Guzman should be aware of the upper level of research and information that substitute investors are likely to need. To take benefit of the pool, franchisor need to win the bad perceptions of franchising as a business model, which conquer in the group of potential customers. References Boulay, J., Caemmerer, B., Evanschitzky, H., Duniach, K. (2016). Growth, Uniformity, Local Responsiveness, and System?Wide Adaptation in Multiunit Franchising.Journal of Small Business Management,54(4), 1193-1205. Caldern, A., Ruiz, M. (2015). A systematic literature review on serious games evaluation: An application to software project management.Computers Education,87, 396-422. Carins, J. E., Rundle-Thiele, S. R. (2014). Eating for the better: A social marketing review (20002012).Public Health Nutrition,17(7), 1628-1639. Chen, L. F., Tsai, C. T. (2016). Data mining framework based on rough set theory to improve location selection decisions: A case study of a restaurant chain.Tourism Management,53, 197-206. Chiou, J. S., Droge, C. (2015). The effects of standardization and trust on franchisee's performance and satisfaction: a study on franchise systems in the growth stage.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), 129-144. Coombes, P. H., Nicholson, J. D. (2013). Business models and their relationship with marketing: A systematic literature review.Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), 656-664. Dahles, H., Susilowati, T. P. (2015). Business resilience in times of growth and crisis.Annals of Tourism Research,51, 34-50. Das Nair, R., Dube, S. C. (2015). The expansion of regional supermarket chains: Changing models of retailing and the implications for local supplier capabilities in South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Emerson, D., Mulley, C., Bliemer, M. C. (2016). A theoretical analysis of business models for urban public transport systems, with comparative reference to a Community Franchise involving Individual Line Ownership.Research in Transportation Economics,59, 368-378. Franchise Business. (2009). Guzman Y Gomez to franchise. Retrieved on 3rd September 2017 from: https://www.franchisebusiness.com.au/news/guzman-y-gomez-to-franchise. Gerhardt, S., Hazen, S., Joiner, S. (2017). An overview analysis of expected potential returns from selected tex-mex franchises.Asbbs Proceedings,24(1), 229. Kacker, M., Dant, R. P., Emerson, J., Coughlan, A. T. (2016). How Firm Strategies Impact Size of Partner?Based Retail Networks: Evidence From Franchising.Journal of Small Business Management,54(2), 506-531. King, B. L., King, B. L. (2016). Caught in the middle: franchise businesses and the social media wave.Journal of Business Strategy,37(2), 20-26. Lee, C., Hallak, R., Sardeshmukh, S. R. (2016). Innovation, entrepreneurship, and restaurant performance: a higher-order structural model.Tourism Management,53, 215-228. Maslova, A. E., Timyasheva, E. T., Nikishin, A. F., Tyunik, O. R., Nikishin, A. F., Pankina, T. V. (2016). Consumer lending as a factor of sales promotion. InThe Tenth International Conference on Economic Sciences(p. 122). Nadine, (2013). Inner West. Retrieved on 3rd September 2017 from: https://www.innerwestlifestyle.com.au/guzman-y-gomez-on-king. Noh, H. J., Yun, D. H., Jang, J. I., Jung, D. A., Cho, M. H. (2014). A study on the determinants of franchising in korean food service industry. In2014 Global Marketing Conference at Singapore(pp. 1978-1979). Santos, F., Pache, A. C., Birkholz, C. (2015). Making hybrids work: Aligning business models and organizational design for social enterprises (Paper IV).Christoph Birkholz,153. Slater, S. F., Mohr, J. J., Sengupta, S. (2014). Radical product innovation capability: Literature review, synthesis, and illustrative research propositions.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(3), 552-566. Sohn, J., Tang, C. H. H., Jang, S. S. (2014). Asymmetric impacts of the asset-light and fee-oriented strategy: The business cycle matters!.International Journal of Hospitality Management,40, 100-108. Stankovi?, M. (2017). International franchising in the hotel industry.Facta Universitatis, Series: Economics and Organization, 415-426. Wang, F., Huang, M., Shou, Z. (2015). Business expansion and firm efficiency in the commercial banking industry: Evidence from the US and China.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,32(2), 551-569.

Article Review Poisoned Water essays

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Humanist Moral Philosophy in Architecture essays Combining the basic concepts inherent in the architecture of ancient Rome with a humanist moral philosophy, Andrea Palladio could be considered the most influential architect in the western world. His style of architecture became known as Palladianism and gained prominence towards the end of the Renaissance. His treatise on architecture, I Quattro Libri dellArchitettura, is described as a manual of classicizing design and would set the standard for many architects to follow for centuries (Sturgis, 118). Palladios text revolutionized western architecture, founded several schools of study, and remains a major influence to all students of architecture (Sturgis, 118). One such architect, Thomas Jefferson, called his English translation of Palladios text the Bible (Clark, 92). Taken in this context, the influence of Palladio on modern architecture can best be seen by comparing the similarities between Palladios masterpiece, the Villa Rotunda, and Jeffersons own masterwork, Monticello. It is very easy to discern the similarities of both structures when viewing them together for the first time. Both structures rest on hilltops, have facades that use Greco-Roman facades, and have a centrally located dome. Each adopts a central plan that combines the formal models of cube and sphere. Both derive their distinctive style from ancient Rome but are enriched with classical authority, dignity, and comfort. At first, it may seem that Jefferson was attempting to produce a copy of Villa Rotunda, but the buildings do have some differences. Palladio deeply believed in the importance of a buildings harmony with itself (Lotz, 291). As such, Villa Rotunda is a study in symmetry. The heart of the building is the centrally located dome, but it does not overpower the building. From this dome, four groups of rooms radiate outward in perfect proportion to the dome. The rooms are proportional to the...

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LAN and LAN to WAN Infrastructure - Essay Example Adequate internet security is one of the major challenges faced by businesses in today’s economy and the world at large. Vital information transferred over internet applications and networks on which governments and businesses depend on is usually facing unauthorized access. The process of organizing, gathering, finding, analyzing and managing of vital business information is crucial to the survival and success of a business. In 2003, computer viruses caused 55 billion in losses to businesses worldwide. In 2011, a solitary instance of unauthorized access cost Sony more than $170 million. On the other hand, Google suffered a $500,000 loss in 2005 as a result of hacking. According to King, single hacking instances can cost a firm or organization as much as $7 million a day. However, this also depends on the company’s revenue. In addition to the financial cost, hacking leads to time wastage. This is because employees remain idle while the systems are down.King implied that while big organizations have the financial capacity to absorb the costs emanating from such events /attack and revenue can be quite detrimental to operations of small firms. In this regard, a firm or business is often faced with a lot of vulnerabilities. Design flaws, incorrect implementation, poor security management, social engineering, and IT vulnerability are among the major sources of security weakness in an organization.

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Aeschyluss Oresteia: Summary and Analysis

Aeschyluss Oresteia: Summary and Analysis Aeschyluss Oresteia touched a chord within Francis Bacon both in its themes of parental violence and pursuit by the Eumenides and in the way Aeschyluss poetry communicated in a subconscious emotional level.Analyzing three triptychs, a closer examination is made between the works. Francis Bacon paints images communicating his feelings and emotions but which transcend his own personal experience and convey the tensions and violent emotions of the twentieth century, and possibly beyond their creative timeframe to become universally pertinent and timeless for all mankind.In reading Aeschyluss Oresteia, the poetry touched a chord within him such that he was to use motifs from the trilogy in a number of his works but also it pointed the way for him to engender strong emotions through his paintings without employing narrative.Additionally the fate driven outcomes of the plays relate to Bacons painting practice of utilising accident in developing his paintings.The initial appeal of Aeschylus was most likely rooted in this bloody story of parental violence, revenge and exile from the home and the ongoing pursuit by the Eumenides. The extensive records of Bacons conversations will be used to prove that Aeschylus was an influence and it will be seen how Bacon translates the cathartic experience of tragedy into the medium of paint.After a brief examination of the influence of his childhood, we will look at the general influence of Aeschylus on his work before analysing three triptychs based on The Oresteia.To show the relationship between these paintings, Aeschylus Oresteia and Bacon, an in depth analysis of Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) will be made, following this up by examining the Second Version of Triptych 1944 (1988) and Triptych Inspired by the Oresteia of Aeschylus (1981). In conclusion Aeschyluss influence will be confirmed and Bacons status of an painter of epic emotions and universal relevance will be raised. It is difficult to say with any certainty how much Bacon was influenced by his interest in literature because he so often contradicts himself that one can never be quite sure what he really means. Most of the time when one talks about painting, one says nothing interesting.Its always rather superficial.What can one say? Archimbaud (1993) p171 Despite this comment, he was a most vociferous painter.One only has to read David Sylvester and Michael Peppiatt to find many instances of contradictory views.For example his desire to avoid narrative painting is frequently stated on record, yet when talking with David Sylvester, Bacon says: I dont want to avoid telling a story but I want very, very much to do the thing that Valery (the French poet) said to give sensation without the boredom of conveyance. Sylvester (1980) p 65 Bacon used interviews skilfully to manage how his work was perceived and interpreted, sometimes being open and clear and at others intentionally misleading or at least spreading an air of mystery about his images and sources.The interviews with David Sylvester are a mine of information about his work and in them he acknowledges his profound debt to literature specifically Aeschylus and Eliot. Additionally he could list for Michael Leiris, cited in Gale (2008), p23, what books informed Triptych 1976.And Michael Peppiatt recorded that Bacon admitted that literature had more effect on his paintings than anything else. Bacons primary aim was to convey strong feelings and emotions: the shock of violence, fear of the threat and rumblings of fate. He wanted to communicate up onto the nervous system using subconscious feelings and raw emotion rather than tell or show directly.This is just what he got from Aeschylus and T. S. Eliot.The Wasteland is not a narrative poem; it evokes feelings and, The Oresteia of Aeschylus . . . its epic nature and hyperbolic language and imagery make it into something more universal . . . its inherent emotional violence. Gale (2008) p21 And Bacon was a man steeped in violence.Francis Bacons father, Edward, was a hardened war veteran with an innate belief in physical courage and toughness.He brought his children up under a tough military regime and had little time or affection for his son.Being an asthmatic, allergic to dogs and horses didnt prevent his father from forcing him to ride to hounds and is reputed to have had him beaten by the grooms in the stable for no reason other than to make a man of him.These grooms were also those with whom he had sex after he was expelled from public school for his relationships with other boys.This fusion between sex and violence is probably what forged his sadomasochistic instincts.Finally, his father discovered him dressed in his mothers underwear and expelled him from the family home to which he was never to return.The paternal violence and the experiences of being cast out could have been linked to why The Oresteia struck such a chord with him.The tormented personal history, is subconsciously awoken by the poetry of Aeschylus, Eliot and others, particularly Shakespeare, and is expressed by Bacon in the violence of all his works.And it is Bacons intention that these paintings communicate this violence of his life and sources to the viewer through feeling rather than narrative.As Andrew Brighton writes, Bacons stories of his traumatic childhood and early sex life may have been told for their own sake honest and cathartic revelations and fibs but they give us one of Bacons pretexts.By word of mouth and in published sources, his account of himself increasingly accompanied him and his work.They lent authenticity to his art and its rhetoric of despair.They tell us something both of how he wanted others to understand his history and how he understood it himself.These understandings became sources for his paintings; they are in a sense part of the literature on which his work drew. Brighton (2001) p17 Whilst in this essay the focus is on Bacon and Aeschylus, Bacons literary influences extended to T. S. Eliot (The Family Reunion amodern reworking of The Oresteia), W. B. Yeats, Frederico Garcia Lorca, Ezra Pound, William Shakespeare (Hamlet being another reworking of The Oresteia motif) Webster, Conrad and Freke Brut, Satre (Les Mouches yet another reworking of the Oresteia) and on to Sigmund Freuds writings and theories which were very in vogue at the time. The common thread in many of these writers is tragedy.Aristotle commented that the purpose of tragedy was to purge by pity and terror.This cathartic theatrical experience, which can be related to Freudian theory, could well be a further aspect of the plays that attracted Bacon to the tragedies and that dramatic effect what he wanted to achieve through his painting, reworking the themes and motifs in a very different medium. Bacon referred to these paintings as sketches for the Eumenides, the ancient pursuers of revenge for familial murder.Bacons source for these creatures was The Oresteia, a trilogy by Aeschylus. (see Appendix A for a prà ©cis of The Oresteia) What might the Eumenides mean to man, particularly Francis Bacon, well read in Freudian theory?Could they represent the super ego, Freuds internal parent which governs our excesses?Bacons father as discussed was a brutal, disciplined man with very different value to Francis whose super ego would have been the internalisation of his parents value system.Are they subconscious feelings such as guilt or even pressure to conform to social mores of the time?Bacon viewed his homosexuality as a defect when society viewed it with such abhorrence that it was still a criminal act until 1968. Whilst these deductions have evidence to support them, what is more overwhelmingly true of Bacon is that he absorbed the feelings that poetry aroused in a subconscious, non verbal manner. When he painted he used these feelings as sources of inspiration thus painting from deep within himself where his life experience and the poetry synthesised to create paintings raw with human experience. It is notable that Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, 1944, the turning point of his career, is an expression of his own demons.The whole painting conveys a savage inhuman terror, wrought with pain.The Eumenides are avengers of familial murder so it is pertinent that Bacon chose them instead of the traditional saints as his figures at the base of the crucifixion, symbolising the sacrificial murder of Jesus Christ by His Father and could be a subconscious expression of his feelings about his fathers abuse of him when a child but from the outset showing his sensitivity to mans inhumanity to man. I know for religious people, for Christians, the crucifixion has a totally different significance.But as a non-believer, it was just an act of Mans behaviour, a way of behaving to another. Although many state that the painting was completed in two days, Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, dated 1944 was developed over a number of the preceding war years and many interpreted the triptych as Bacons reaction to the horrors of war.But Bacon tended not to depict mankind in general, such as Picasso did in Guernica, but often painted single figures which communicated with the individual in each of us to share universal truths and personal feelings. In Greek and Roman mythology there are overlapping similarities between the Eumenides known as the Erinyes (the angry ones) before their transformation to the Eumenides (the kindly ones), the Furies and the Gorgons.In ancient myths these creatures have heads wreathed in snakes, eyes dripping with blood, the body of a dog and bird or bat wings.In The Family Reunion, the play by T. S. Eliot in which he reworked the motifs of The Oresteia,Harry, the protagonist, describes them as sleepless hunters that will not let me sleep a phrase which engenders the unremitting hounding they represent.Eliots The Family Reunion was Bacons introduction to Aeschyluss Oresteia, the play that was to provide inspirational source material for many of his paintings.The Oresteia is a play steeped in multiple murders, revenge and retribution where the Erinyes/Eumenides pursue Orestes after he murdered his mother Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus in revenge for his mothers murder of her husband Agamemnon and his mistress Cassandra in revenge for his sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia.These merciless creatures with an unassuageable thirst for mindless retribution of familial murder were the subjects of Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion.Bacon stated that they were influenced by Picassos biomorphs and when he wanted to further explore the organic form that relates to the human image but is a complete distortion of it, Sylvester (1980) p8, the Eumenides would have provided an ideal opportunity. The development of the biomorphic figures in Three Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion can be seen in earlier Bacon paintings: Man in Cap (1943); Figure Getting out of a Car (1943) and Man Standing (1941-2) and in subsequent paintings of that era:Figure Study I (1946) and Figure Study II (1946) which show reworking but with clothing and everyday props such as plants and flowers. These placements of the figures, with everyday objects that enter into our personal world, make them all the more threatening.From these beginnings, the Eumenides would become a recurring icon that Bacon would revisit many times until his Second Version of Triptych 1944. Bacon said that he chose the triptych because he couldnt paint everything he needed to on one canvas. Ive never been able to make the one image that sums up all the others.So one image against the other seems to be able to say the thing more. Sylvester (1980) p22 However, it is also interesting to note that crucifixions traditionally adopt the triptych format.The three figures stand in for the saints traditionally depicted at the base of the cross or even for Christ himself and the two thieves crucified with him. Additionally, The Oresteia is three plays and there are three Furies so the number three is woven throughout this work. The cadmium orange background, another element of this triptych that he would reuse throughout his career has been interpreted as a metaphor for violence but the evidence for this isnt clear.Nevertheless the grating burnt orange used in these painting demands the viewers attention and is unsettling.In this painting, the paint is applied more thinly than in later years and the Eumenides are contained within their distinct biomorphic forms.At this stage of his life and career he may have needed to contain the figures symbolically controlling his own psychological demons. In later paintings, where he is a more experienced and established painter, he allowed himself to work more freely and allow accident to play its part. In the Oresteia, the Eumenides are black but Bacon paints them white and grey like classical Greek statues, the shades of stone reminding us of the Gorgons. In the left hand painting an armless, legless or kneeling female with her head hung in despair or supplication appears to be more of a victim than an instrument of vengeance. Hugh Davies viewed her as a mourner at the cross. whilst Michael Peppiatt as Clytemnestra brooding like a hen over her sorrow Peppiatt (2007) p112. The central figure, blinded by a cloth draped over her eyes, is sourced from the blindfolded Christ in Grunewalds Mocking of Christ with the cloth being a metaphor for the blind pursuit of retribution by the Eumenides. The right hand biomorph looks like a penis with a savage biting mouth. Taking a psychological interpretation, this can be viewed as the Eumenides representing Bacons own guilt about his sado-masochism and homosexuality. Aeschyluss phrase the reek of human blood smiles out at me touched a nerve with Bacon and his paintings of mouths in this and other paintings is him expressing it though his own medium. In visual terms, a major visual source for this mouth was a still of the Nurses scream in the film Battleship Potemkin (1952) by Sergai Eisenstein. Bacon originally intended this painting as a study for a further, mush larger crucifixion painting but this intention was never fulfilled. Nevertheless, many characteristics of this painting would be reused: the cadmium orange background; the triptych format; the gaping scream and the biomorphic Eumenides. In 1988 he painted Second Version of Triptych 1944 which became his last painting of the Eumenides. It is over twice the size of the 1944 version and the harsh orange was replaced by saturated blood red backgrounds in the outer paintings and a carpet of blood red running down the central one. This is the blood red carpet that Clytemnestra lays down for Agamemnon as her ironic greeting welcomes him home to his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spread tapestries in his way. Let the great king   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walk a crimson pathway to the home   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He never hoped to see. A crimson path! His just reward; now justice shall be done. Step down, my lord. The rest will follow. I shall not rest Till the gods grant what you have earned. The bloody yet regal colouring, the grander scale, the more refined technique and the compositional symmetry afford this painting a more majestic formality. The backgrounds are simpler and flatter and the figures smaller making the feeling of the later version less claustrophobic and despite being diffused in blood, it has less of the horror of the 1944 triptych. The Eumenides return as Martin Harrison remarked, as a sign of Bacons own fury and despair. Martin Harrison, in Rachel Tant in Gale Stephens (2008) p234 In the left hand panel the figure is less substantial and the chair more so, giving the figure an unearthly characteristic. This Eumenides has more distinct wings and is less frightening than her predecessor. She is more of an onlooker, a creature of despair perhaps even Bacons mother? The central figure has an egg-like form and looks out at the viewer with a grimace of pain. Perhaps Bacon the child? One of the stands legs looks like a scythe, the grim reaper on the red carpet on which Agamemnon was murdered. Here we have birth and death in the same painting. The right had biomorph is more like a human body squatting on a table ready to pounce. Perhaps his father? The Second Version of Triptych 1944 is a grander more refined, more mature painting than the original 1944 triptych but the raw pain is diluted suggesting a man more in control of his own demons and calmer in his advancing years. The Triptych Inspired by the Oresteia of Aeschylus, 1981 shows sparse modern room settings which relate the theme of these pictures to the present day. The epic sensations of the Oresteia: fear, revenge, power, envy, desire, guilt, family infighting, are just as relevant today, in fact they are timeless. Although each panel is set in a room, the figures are supported or contained by a framework of lines, a common Bacon technique. Frank Laukotters (2006, p184) view was that these shifting spatial perspectives indicate the vagaries of fate. On the side panels these lines lead into a doorway leading into a dark abyss, whereas in the central panel they form a plinth and a structure symbolising a throne on the blood red carpet. This bloodied carpet will be revisited by Bacon in his later triptych, Second Version of Triptych 1944, of the Eumenides. The Oresteia is a violent and murderous play with constant references to blood:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death and grief forever   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blood of a people lost. Agamemnon, Lines 715-716 Blood calls for Blood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Libation Bearers, Line 77   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Gorgon waits, Living and dead are watching, Waiting to see The killer killed, Blood spilled for Blood. Libation Bearers, Lines 832-837 Step in blood, On thrones of blood, Blood-smeared from head to toe. Eumenides, Lines 163-165 Bacon wrote to Michael Leiris in 1976 that he was working on a large triptych in which the accidents were based on the Oresteia. I could not paint Agamemnon, Clytemnestra of Cassandra as that would have been merely another type of historical painting. . . Therefore, I tried to create an image of the effect it produced inside of me. Francis Bacon in Gale Stephens (2008) p216 Christopher Collard, in the introduction to his translation of the Oresteia, says that a detailed knowledge of the Oresteia is necessary in unravelling the depth of meaning in this triptych. Whilst this obviously helps with a concrete analysis and may also contribute to a subconscious understanding, in Bacons own terms, it is not an absolute necessity for the communication of the feelings of loneliness, violence and despair that he aims to convey up onto the nervous system. The central panel is the first to command the viewers attention. A contorted figure, with a grotesque, elongated neck and exposed vertebrae is bent down so that the head lies against a bowl of dark genitalia. This decomposing figure symbolises decaying power, defeat and death and arouses our pity as it struggles onto a raised platform. Here is a figure eaten away by inner conflict; consumed and gnawed by guilt. The blood red carpet suggests that the figure is Agamemnon but it could equally be Orestes and in the linked paintings, the Eumenides appear as they do in the Oresteia after the murder of Clytemnestra. On the left hand panel, a winged Eumenides with legs is flying over the door where matricide has taken place, into the framed space in front of it, already in pursuit of Orestes. Under the door, from the black abyss symbolising the never ending pain of sin, flows a rivulet of the victims blood. It seems most likely that this rapacious mutant, often blood-smeared and as if about to pounce on its prey, represented a deeply uneasy conscience. . . When Bacon remarked the Furies often visit me,he was alluding to what he considered the most insidious punishment of all: guilt, which he believed stalked modern post-Freudian man as the Erinyes pursued the Greeks. Peppiatt (2008)p 334 This painting shows a particularly good example of the operation and control of accident in his technique. Out of the face of the left hand Eumenides, is a congealed streak of blood where Bacon has squeezed paint directly out of the tube and then controlled the tail with a light brushstroke. As Andrew Durham says, Chance is exploited but the result is far from arbitrary: the creative and the critical become a single act. Ades Forge(1985) p 233 In the right-hand panel, a headless male, probably Orestes is being burrowed in to by a Eumenides, visually linked to the left hand one by the similar legs. In this way, the murder of the left hand panel is linked to the retribution in the right. Orestes seems to be cleft in half by the door signifying the tragic curse that tore the House of Atreus apart and the cycle of murders that forces him into exile. The feeling engendered in Bacon by this aspect of the Oresteia would have potently echoed his own rejection when his father found him dressed in his mothers underwear and cast him out of the family home when only fifteen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As was discussed at the start of this essay, one cannot always accept Francis Bacons spoken words absolute fact. He was a manipulator of his own image and often contradicted himself. However, in the case of the influence of Aeschylus on his paintings, we have extensive evidence recorded in interviews that is confirmed by the examination of the paintings themselves. On examination of Bacons childhood, parental cruelty, the blurring of sex and violence and the experience of being cast out from the family home at age 16, it can be seen why Aeschyluss Oresteia,struck such a chord within him. The murders committed by both parents, the sexual deceit, the exile of Orestes and the pursuit of the Eumenides, which Bacon admitted often visited him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But, it was the way in which the poetry of Aeschylus conveyed subconscious raw emotion that was the greatest influence on Bacon. Always avoiding the narrative in his paintings he looked to convey feelings directly, without the conscious intervention of storytelling. His paintings communicate up onto the nervous system. His emotions speak directly to ours. And on seeing the Oresteia, it is not so much the story that provides the cathartic experience of tragedy, but again profound emotions stirred by shocking violence and terror.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In analysing the three triptychs influenced by the Oresteia, it is clear that Bacon used the Eumenides to depict his own demons: his fathers betrayal of his parental role, his experience as an outcast, he guilt about homosexuality and sadomasochism, his belief in mans inherent. In the Oresteia triptych (1981), he shows us the decaying power of authority, the blood red carpet of the murder scene of a dying dynasty. One of the figures eating himself away, consumed by guilt. Aeschylus provided the inspiration and the means to paint the pain and horror of his existence, which he did so every morning before blotting it all out in an alcoholic anaesthetic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aeschylus wrote about fate and accident and this too was important to Bacon who used to try to use accident in his painting in order to move it further onto the subconscious plane and to make it more spontaneous and visuaqlly interesting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aeschylus was an epic poet who has used universal themes and powerful language to create a masterpiece of unquestionable greatness that has stood the test of time. I am a great fan of Francis Bacons paintings which to me are magnetic, full of emotion and mystery and over time, my interest has increased rather than waned. But it is too soon to say whether or not he is an epic or even a great painter. Bibliography Ades, Dawn, Forge, Andrew, with a note on technique by Andrew Durham (1985) Francis Bacon, London: Thames and Hudson, in association with the Tate Gallery. Aeschylus (1991) Plays Two, Oresteia, Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, Eumenides, Translated by Frederic Raphael Kenneth McLeish, Introduced by J. Michael Walton, London: Methuen. Archimbaud, Michel (1993) Francis Bacon: In Conversation with Michel Archimbaud, London: Phaidon Brighton, Andrew (c2001) Francis Bacon, London: Tate Gallery. Cork, Richard (), Bacon and Edge Sunday Times Magazine, Daniels, Rebecca (2008) Behind the Myth of Francis Bacon, The Daily Telegraph Review, 16.08.08, pp.1-3. Deleuze, Gilles (2004) Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Dickinson, Hugh (1969) Myth on the Modern Stage, Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Eliot, T. S. (1972) The Wasteland and other Poems, London: Faber Faber. Ficacci, Luigi (2006) Bacon, Germany: Taschen. Gale, Matthew Stephens, Chris (2008) Francis Bacon, Tate Publishing. Harrison, Martin Daniels, Rebecca (2008) Francis Bacon: Incunabula, foreword by Barbara Dawson, London: Thames Hudson. Hatch, John G (1998), Fatum as Theme and Method in the work of Francis Bacon, Artibus et Historiae, Vol 19, no. 37 pp. 163-175, Januszczak, Waldemar (2009) A career in three slices, Sunday Times Culture Magazine. Laessoe, Rolf (1983) Francis Bacon and T.S, Eliot, Hafnia Copenhagen Papers in the History of Art, Vol 9. Leiris, Michel (1983) Francis Bacon: full face and in profile, Oxford: Phaidon, Oxford. Maughfling, Gavin (2001) The Pulverising Machine in Engage, Issue 10, Autumn. Peppiatt, Michael (2008) Anatomy of an Enigma, London: Constable. Peppiatt, Michael (2009) Portrait of a Paradox, Study of a Saint and a Sinner, Sunday Times Culture Magazine. Perl, Jed (2009) Slaughterhouse, New Republic, Vol. 240, Issue 10, pp.25-28. Porter, David H. () Some Inversions not Righted: A note on the Eumenides, The Classical Journal, 101.1, pp.1-10. Stanford, W. B. (1942) Aeschylus in his style: a study in language and personality, Dublin: The University Press. Sylvester, David (c1998) Francis Bacon: the human body, London: Hayward Gallery. Sylvester, David (c1980) Interviews with Francis Bacon 1962-1979, London, Thames and Hudson. Trucci, Lorenzo (1976) Francis Bacon, London: Thames and Hudson. Yezzi, David (2008) Bacons Theatre of the Absurd, The New Criterion, December, pp. 25-28 Zweite, Armin (ed) (2006) in collaboration with Maria Muller, texts by Peter Burger [et al.], Francis Bacon: the violence of the real, London: Thames Hudson.

Serial Killers and Mass Murderers :: Murder Violence Crime Serial Killers Essays

Serial Killers and Mass Murderers Mass Murderers and Serial Killers are nothing new to today’s society. These vicious killers are all violent, brutal monsters and have an abnormal urge to kill. What gives people these urges to kill? What motivates them to keep killing? Do these killers get satisfaction from killing? Is there a difference between mass murderers and serial killers or are they the same. How do they choose their victims and what are some of their characteristics? These questions and many more are reasons why I was eager to write my paper on mass murderers and serial killers. However, the most interesting and sought after questions are the ones that have always been controversial. One example is; what goes on inside the mind of a killer? In this paper I will try to develop a better understanding of these driven killers and their motives. Although mass murderers and serial killers are both dangerous and somewhat sick people, there are several distinct characteristics of each that put them in different categories. The most distinct differences between the two are; Most mass killers kill several victims over a relatively short period of time, usually hours, but sometimes days (Murder 1). Serial killers most often kill his or her victims separately, over a much longer period of time, sometimes lasting several years until the killer is taken into custody by authorities or killed. If a mass killer’s murders are committed in more than just a single location, then they are part of a continuous action (Murder 1). Their victims are usually chosen at random, not just killed at first sight. Their targets may also come in specific groups. More than occasionally, a mass murderer will take his own life after his urge to kill is over. This is possibly because authorities recognize the killer is unstable and are likely to shoot the killer in order to protect themselves. A typical mass murderer uses a semi-automatic weapon and plots his murders to be made in a school, university, or restaurant (murder 1). Serial killers commonly attack a single target at a time one on one. There also tends to be no or very little relation between the person being killed and the killer (murder 1). â€Å"The nature of this drive has been heavily debated, but there is a consensus on some points (Anderson 1).† Many researchers have noted sexual behavior in the murder.